What are common side effects associated with biguanides like metformin?

The side effects associated with biguanides such as metformin are particularly notable due to the mechanisms by which this class of medications operates. Common gastrointestinal side effects include anorexia and nausea, which often occur as the body adjusts to the medication. Lactic acidosis, although rare, is a potentially serious side effect that is of significant concern with metformin, particularly in patients with renal impairment or other contraindications.

Given that biguanides mainly act by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic glucose production, the gastrointestinal disturbances are reflective of how the drug interacts with the digestive system. Patients may experience an increase in intestinal gas leading to flatulence and abdominal discomfort as they begin therapy, but these symptoms are more frequently temporary.

It's crucial for healthcare providers to monitor patients for these side effects, especially lactic acidosis, as it requires prompt intervention. This underscores the importance of proper patient education concerning what side effects they may expect when taking metformin and the necessity of reporting any unusual symptoms to ensure safe medication use.