What impact do combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) have on menstrual flow?

Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) are known to have a significant impact on menstrual flow, primarily due to their hormonal composition, which includes both estrogen and progestin. One of the key effects of CHCs is the reduction of menstrual flow. This occurs because the hormones in these contraceptives stabilize the endometrial lining, leading to a thinner layer that sheds less during menstruation. Additionally, CHCs often reduce the production of prostaglandins, which are molecules involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and are associated with uterine contractions. By lowering prostaglandin levels, CHCs can help alleviate menstrual cramps and decrease menstrual flow.

The combination of these effects leads to lighter periods for many women who use CHCs, making them a preferred option for those experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding or dysmenorrhea. Women often report shorter, less painful, and lighter periods when using CHCs, making this aspect particularly beneficial for managing menstrual symptoms.