What is a potential risk of using SSRIs with MAOIs?

The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in conjunction with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) poses a significant risk of a hypertensive crisis. This severe and potentially life-threatening reaction can occur due to the accumulation of tyramine, a naturally occurring substance in certain foods, when MAOIs are prescribed.

SSRIs increase serotonin levels, but when combined with MAOIs, the interaction can lead to excessive serotonin and catecholamine levels in the body. This can precipitate hypertension, leading to a crisis characterized by severe headache, palpitations, nausea, and potentially even stroke.

In clinical practice, it is essential to ensure a washout period when transitioning from an SSRI to an MAOI to mitigate this risk. Overall, understanding the pharmacological interactions between these classes of antidepressants is critical for safe prescribing practices.