Which side effects should be expected with GLP-1 receptor agonists?

GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of medications used primarily in the management of type 2 diabetes and, more recently, for weight management. These medications work by mimicking the action of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, which regulates glucose metabolism and promotes insulin secretion in response to meals.

One of the expected side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists includes gastrointestinal upset, which can manifest as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation. This occurs due to their effect on gastric emptying and overall gastrointestinal motility. Therefore, experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms is common and anticipated when patients start therapy with these agents.

While hypoglycemia can occur, especially when GLP-1 receptor agonists are used in combination with other antidiabetic medications such as sulfonylureas or insulin, the frequency of hypoglycemia is generally lower than with other diabetes medications. GLP-1 receptor agonists tend to cause weight loss rather than weight gain, distinguishing them from some other diabetes treatments.

The other options present side effects that are not typically associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists, as they focus on different mechanisms of action or medical conditions. Understanding the specific side effects associated with GLP-1 receptor agon