How do GLP-1 receptor agonists such as exenatide and liraglutide function?

GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as exenatide and liraglutide, operate primarily by binding to GLP-1 receptors located on pancreatic beta cells. When these medications bind to the receptors, they stimulate the secretion of insulin in a glucose-dependent manner. This means that insulin secretion is increased when blood sugar levels are elevated, helping to lower hyperglycemia effectively.

In addition to enhancing insulin secretion, GLP-1 receptor agonists also contribute to reducing glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, which lowers hepatic glucose production. They slow gastric emptying, leading to enhanced satiety, which can aid in weight loss—an important aspect for many patients managing type 2 diabetes. Their multifunctional role makes them effective in managing blood sugar levels while also addressing weight management and cardiovascular risk factors.

The other choices address different physiological effects but do not accurately describe the primary mechanism of action for GLP-1 receptor agonists.