What is cauda equina syndrome primarily caused by?

Cauda equina syndrome is primarily caused by injury to the lumbosacral nerve roots within the spinal canal. This condition can result from various underlying issues, such as herniated discs, tumors, trauma, or spinal stenosis, leading to compression of the cauda equina – a bundle of nerve roots located at the lower end of the spinal cord. The resultant nerve root compression may lead to significant neurological deficits, including loss of sensation and motor function in the lower limbs, bladder and bowel control issues, and sexual dysfunction.

Understanding the anatomical significance of the cauda equina helps clarify why injury to these specific nerve roots can lead to the symptoms associated with cauda equina syndrome, underscoring the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent permanent damage.