What side effects are associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors?

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a class of oral medications used to manage blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The primary mechanism of action for these drugs involves enhancing the body’s own incretin hormones, which help to regulate insulin and glucagon in relation to meals.

Among the side effects commonly associated with DPP-4 inhibitors, gastrointestinal discomforts, including nausea and abdominal pain, are frequently reported. Headaches are also a potential side effect, reflecting how these medications may affect individuals differently, often due to their interaction with the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.

In contrast, options listing flatulence and diarrhea, hypoglycemia and hypersensitivity reactions, or weight gain and jitteriness do not accurately reflect the typical side effect profile of DPP-4 inhibitors. For example, while gastrointestinal symptoms can occur with some medications, flatulence and diarrhea are not hallmark side effects for DPP-4 inhibitors specifically. Additionally, while hypoglycemia can occur due to inappropriate use in conjunction with other anti-diabetic agents, it is not a direct side effect of DPP-4 inhibitors alone. Similarly, these medications are not known to contribute significantly to weight gain or causing